Closed bolt
A firing cycle in which the bolt is already forward and locked between shots; only the hammer or striker moves when the trigger is pulled.
The normal arrangement for a rifle or a pistol, and the less common one for a submachine gun. The round is chambered and the breech shut; pulling the trigger releases only a hammer or a striker. Almost nothing moves, so almost nothing disturbs the aim.
The price is heat. A closed chamber holds a cartridge against a hot barrel, and in a weapon firing long automatic bursts that risks the round igniting on its own. Designs that fire automatically from a closed bolt accept that risk because their rates and their duty cycles are lower than a machine gun’s.